剛剛畢業(yè)一年的女大學(xué)生馬戶（化名）將北京郵政速遞訴至法院，認(rèn)為其在招聘時(shí)存在性別歧視。近日順義法院做出一審判決，判處郵政速遞賠償馬女士精神損失費(fèi)2000元，并賠償公證費(fèi)、體檢費(fèi)等費(fèi)用6500余元。

　　A woman recently comes to public attention for winning a gender discrimination case after being denied a delivery driver position.The Beijing branch of Express Mail Service, who claims they have never hired a female driver before, has been ordered to pay the woman several thousand yuan as compensation. Doessexism still remain common at workplace and what should be done?

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　　“對(duì)，再說(shuō)我這兒人確實(shí)也夠了……”

　　去年10月下旬，經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)追問(wèn)，應(yīng)聘快遞員的馬戶得到了工作人員李某(化名)這樣的回答。彼時(shí)，距離一位負(fù)責(zé)人承諾和她簽約的10月8日已經(jīng)過(guò)去了兩個(gè)星期。

　　Ma Hu’s (an assumed name) application was rejected by the Beijing branch of Express Mail Service in October 2014, as they allegedly claimed they had never hired a female driver before and that an industrial law forbids a woman from carrying heavy packages.

　　事實(shí)上，《女職工特殊勞動(dòng)保護(hù)條例》中，送快遞并不屬于禁忌婦女從事的勞動(dòng)，《就業(yè)促進(jìn)法》、《婦女權(quán)益保障法》里也明確規(guī)定“不得以性別為由拒絕錄用婦女或者提高對(duì)婦女的錄用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的規(guī)定。

　　Shunyi district court in Beijing has ruled against the company, pointing out that the company could not prove that Ma would have had to carry heavy packages regularly.

　　The law dose forbid employers to ask woman to carry packages weighing over 20 kilograms for over 6 times each hour. A courier does not have to carry that much every hour. So the law does not forbid a woman to be a courier.

　　2011年，全國(guó)婦聯(lián)發(fā)展部發(fā)表的《女大學(xué)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)狀況調(diào)查報(bào)告》指出，56.7%的被訪女大學(xué)生在求職過(guò)程中感到“女性機(jī)會(huì)更少”；91.8%的被訪女大學(xué)生感受到用人單位的性別偏見(jiàn)。被訪女大學(xué)生中，21.1%的人“經(jīng)常”感覺(jué)到性別偏見(jiàn)，25.3%的人“時(shí)常”感覺(jué)到，45.4%的人“偶爾”感覺(jué)到。

　　A report from the All-China Women's Federation in 2011 showed that 56.7 percent of interviewed female college graduates said they had fewer opportunities than male counterparts. Ninety-one percent of interviewees felt they had been victims of sexual discrimination from employers.

　　為什么？Why are women discriminated at workplace?

　　女大學(xué)生就業(yè)遭歧視原因有三點(diǎn)

　　According to a recent research report by Renmin University of China, there are mainly three reasons why female graduates are discriminated at workplace.

　　首先，女大學(xué)生畢業(yè)后工作不久就會(huì)面臨結(jié)婚和生育的問(wèn)題，為追求利益最大化，雇主多會(huì)選擇男性求職者；

　　Firstly, considering losses of companies when female employees take maternity leave, employers prefer recruiting male applicants.

　　其次，從身體情況來(lái)說(shuō)，大多數(shù)雇主認(rèn)為女性求職者相比男性求職者身體較差，不利于安排工作；

　　Secondly, most employers think women are physically weaker than men and it is not convenient for work arrangements.

　　再次，大多數(shù)雇主認(rèn)為女性求職者可能更注重家庭而非職業(yè)發(fā)展，這將導(dǎo)致責(zé)任心、進(jìn)取心降低。

　　Thirdly, most employers would believe women may attach more importance to her family instead of her career. Employers tend to think women’s initiative in career development is lower than men.

　　兩難 Dilemma

　　《勞動(dòng)法》規(guī)定“禁止安排女職工從事礦山井下、國(guó)家規(guī)定的第四級(jí)體力勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的勞動(dòng)和其他禁忌從事的勞動(dòng)。”

　　According to regulations issued by the State Council in 2012, female workers are forbidden to work in certain physically-intensive jobs, such as mining, and their work hours and load should be limited if they are menstruating, pregnant or lactating.

　　（法院門(mén)前，馬戶把一輛自行車(chē)舉過(guò)頭頂，以證明她可以勝任快遞員的工作。）

　　Ma enjoys strenuous physical activity, and she went hiking and traveling from November 2013 to March 2014, the golden job-hunting period for graduates.

　　《郵電女職工勞動(dòng)保護(hù)規(guī)定實(shí)施細(xì)則》規(guī)定，“禁止安排女職工從事電信線務(wù)高空作業(yè)、郵件押運(yùn)工作，以及連續(xù)負(fù)重超過(guò)20公斤，間斷負(fù)重超過(guò)25公斤、國(guó)家規(guī)定的第四級(jí)體力勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的勞動(dòng)和對(duì)女性生理機(jī)構(gòu)有特殊危害的其他女職工禁忌從事的勞動(dòng)。”

　　“It takes a longer time for women to deliver packages, especially heavy ones, which leads to customers complaining, and many female delivers resign quickly due to the physical strain”, claimed delivery drivers.

　　"But they surely deserve a chance if they want to have a try,"one added.

　　改觀？What needs to be changed

　　用人單位應(yīng)該更重視個(gè)人能力差異而非一視“性別”而同仁。

　　         Employers should choose applicants according to their individual capabilities instead of their gender, and if the job involves heavy labor, employers should test applicant's fitness, said lawyer Huang Yizhi.

　　女性要用于維護(hù)自己的合法權(quán)益。其他案例：

　　Women should be braver to stand out and protect their own rights.

　　In recent years, only a few women in China have taken a stand and taken gender discrimination cases to court.

　　2014年6月，因感覺(jué)在應(yīng)聘中受到性別歧視，杭州女大學(xué)生黃蓉(化名)以平等就業(yè)權(quán)和人格尊嚴(yán)權(quán)被侵犯為由，將招聘企業(yè)告上法庭，最終勝訴，成為全國(guó)第一例勝訴的就業(yè)性別歧視案。

　　Huang Rong (pseudonym) was denied a copy-writingposition at a school on the grounds of her gender in Hangzhou, capital of East China's Zhejiang Province.

　　The school explained that it was cheaper and more convenient for them to hire a man, as the copy-writer would need to accompany their headmasters on business trips, all of whom are male.